Technological Evolution of OPGW OPGW technology has evolved significantly over the years to meet the growing demands of modern power grids. Initially designed for lightning protection, the inclusion of optical fibers in the wire allows for real-time communication and data exchange between power stations, opgw substations, and control centers. This technological advancement has enabled utilities to adopt smart grid technologies, where real-time monitoring, fault detection, and automation play a crucial role in enhancing system reliability. The ongoing development of OPGW involves improving fiber optic capacity, reducing installation costs, and increasing the resilience of the wires to extreme weather, ensuring optimal grid management.